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czwartek, 6 czerwca 2024

Mont Saint Michel, France

 Mont Saint Michel is a rocky island located in the bay of the same name in the English Channel in Normandy, France. 


 

St. Island Michael's Mount in Cornwall with the chapel of St. Michael from the 15th century is its British equivalent.

Initially, the Celtic sun god - Belen - was worshiped on the hill, 
and during Roman rule, the Roman sun god - Mithra. According
 to legend, Julius Caesar was buried on this hill. During the 
Christian period in the 4th century, a chapel of St. was built. 
Stephen and at the foot of the rock the chapel of St. Synforian,
 the first martyr of the Gauls. In the 8th century, a chapel was 
built in a cave shrouded in the legend of Saint. Michael, who 
appeared to the bishop asking to found a church on the rock, 
and then a Benedictine abbey in the 10th century.
 
 

The sanctuary was established in a place of worship. Like all 
the oldest Christian temples, it was built in a place of power. 
This applies to almost all the largest Gothic churches that I like
 so much. They were always built in places revered for 
centuries by various types of pagan cults. You can still feel 
the incredible peace and energy filling the soaring vaults. 
Legends still circulate about unexplained phenomena. 
Medieval temples were always aligned east-west. It may 
resemble the original cult of sun and light, but it had a very 
specific function. The most openwork part of Gothic cathedrals
 is always the one facing east, i.e. the chancel ending with an 
apse. For the uninitiated - this is the part of the church usually
 ending with an arch, where the altar is located. Thanks to 
the large number of windows, this part of the building provides
 the most light. The rising sun brings beautiful colorful stained 
glass windows to life. 
 
 

Walking through the winding streets and climbing the narrow 
stairs, carved over the centuries by the feet of pilgrims from all 
over the world, you can feel the wonderful atmosphere of the 
medieval city. Most of the buildings are original and very 
beautifully preserved. The dungeons are cold, the gardens are
 green, the stairs are steep and the streets are crowded. 
They force you to work mercilessly, climbing serpentines 
towards the mountain, crowned with a temple. It is a beautiful 
Gothic cathedral, built on the foundations of a Romanesque 
chapel and expanded over the centuries. The first monastery 
was partially carved out of volcanic rock.
Inside the mountain there are many tunnels, corridors and 
rooms. Many of them once served as cells for inconvenient 
prisoners.
The medieval town is surrounded by walls and located entirely
 on volcanic rock. At high tide it becomes an island and an
 impregnable fortress. It is connected to the mainland only 
by a causeway ending with a wooden bridge. At low tide you 
can get to the sandy shore, to the north side, to the chapel 
at the foot of the rock, outside the walls. The city has retained
 its ancient character and is still inhabited by monks and 
owners of tourist attractions. The streets still bear traces of
 their former inhabitants and wanderers.
 

 A very large part of the complex is open to visitors, and the 
ticketed part is definitely worth the price. I don't know what it 
looks like from the perspective of disabled people because 
I didn't see an elevator, escalators, melexes, etc. You can get
 to the town itself by bus from the huge parking lot or on foot 
along a designated route along a causeway about 2 km long.
 It's definitely a full day trip. It is worth checking when the high
 and low tides are because, depending on the season, you will
 see an island or an oasis. The water flows into the bay very 
rapidly, so it's better not to be surprised by it on the outside of 
the city walls.

Siena, Italy

 Siena is a small hilltop town in Tuscany, Italy. 

 


Legend has it that it was founded by the sons of Remus, which is why the city's coat of arms is a suckling she-wolf. The origins of the city date back to 900 BC. which was initially an Etruscan settlement. The ancient origins of the city create its specific atmosphere. The oldest European bank still operates there today.


 

The center's architecture has retained its ancient character and 
has been included on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.
 The most interesting buildings are, of course, the 12th-century
 Gothic cathedral, Palazzo Pubblico and Torre del Mangia in 
Piazza del Campo. In addition to the cathedral, the religious 
complex includes a baptistery and a campanile. The central 
place of the market square is a historic fountain. The city is 
surrounded by historic city walls. The streets are narrow and 
 cobbled. Walking in a mini I felt like I was in another era and 
another world. Among other things, because Italians have a 
habit of hanging laundry over the heads of tourists. I was 
disarmed by an old lady who was hanging up underwear and 
bedding early in the morning. The entire town is very uniform 
in color. After all, the name obliges. Burnt sienna is a pigment 
obtained from burning limonite clay.

 

It is also home to one of the oldest universities in the world. 
Saint Catherine, mystic and patroness of Europe, lived and 
worked in the city. The main tourist attraction is horse racing. 
There are also gardens with olive trees within the city walls. 
For me, the most characteristic were the cypresses. This is 
what I associate Tuscany with. It is an agricultural region. 
Olive groves and vineyards stretch to the horizon. There is 
this amazing atmosphere of space and peace. This is the 
essence of dolce vita.

Cinque Terre,Italy

 Cinque Terre is made up of 5 towns: Monterosso, Vernazza, Cormiglia, Manarola and Riomaggiore. 

 


It is on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. Due to the picturesque location and the specificity of the settlement. These towns were cut off from the world until the 19th century. Only then was a railway line built, which allows you to get there easily. The route runs largely through tunnels carved in the rocks. I happened to travel there by car and I definitely do not recommend it. The only advantage of this method are beautiful panoramic views from the peaks. Only these peaks can be reached by a serpentine path of a very narrow path. If you see a vehicle in front of you, you must pull over or it will go into reverse. Then I understood why Italians honk when approaching corners. The impressions are priceless.


The towns are located in the valleys between the peaks. 
Once you safely reach one of them, the idyll begins. 
The landscape is fabulous. High mountain peaks suddenly 
end in the sea with almost vertical cliffs. And here's the surprise.
 There is a narrow path attached to these rock walls, secured 
only by wooden handrails. This is the famous Way of Love. 
I think the name comes from the fact that when you hike it with
 someone, you release so much adrenaline and endorphins 
that you're guaranteed to fall in love. If not in the companion, 
then in the landscape. Here you can feel the monumental 
power of nature on your own skin. The rough sea a few meters
 under your feet is impressive. Here the sea breeze takes on 
a different meaning.


The towns themselves are small and stuck to the rocks. They 
create a specific mosaic of colors and shapes. The gems are 
the tiny historic churches. The Gothic style has retained its 
character here. there is no baroqueization. There is pure form 
and space. When you enter, there is silence and the coldness 
of the stone. A true sacred. The area is famous for its 
vineyards and lemon trees. Lemon souvenirs are everywhere, 
including the signature tincture. The food is simple and the 
coffee is strong. Often, classic Italian espresso is Robusta, so 
it has a sour aftertaste but wakes you up effectively.

Budapest - Buda and Pest

 Budapest is a group of cities connected in the 19th century: Buda, Óbuda and Pest.


It is a large metropolis, a center of culture and science, and a 
health resort with thermal baths. The origins of the city are 
Aquincum, because that's where the Romans named their 
stronghold, built on the site of a Celtic settlement in 89 AD. 
Its heyday was during the Jagiellonian dynasty, when, together
 with Vienna, Prague and Krakow, it was one of the largest 
cities in Europe. It returned to rapid development after the 
Turkish occupation only in 1686, after the city was captured by 
the Habsburgs.
 

Pest is mainly a magnificent parliament, a market square and 
narrow streets between monumental tenement houses. Buda is
 a hill with a castle resembling a park complex. This is where 
the Gothic cathedral, the fishing tower and Gellert Mountain are
 located. The city is very well connected. The oldest metro in 
continental Europe is located here. Tourist attractions include 
rack and cable railways and bridges, including the most famous
 Erzsebet hid. 


For me, Budapest is magical in winter, when there is a 
Christmas market in the square. I love gingerbread, mulled 
wine and regional delicacies. If, like me, you like walks, 
I recommend the end of October because there are already 
Christmas trees and a festival atmosphere, but in sunny 
weather, climbing the hill and the view from it are priceless. 
Buda then has something fairy-tale about it.
 


Bratislava, Slovakia

 Bratislava is the only capital in the world that borders two countries, Austria and Hungary.


The two most important medieval trade routes intersected here: 
the Amber and the Danube. The city's origins date back to 
Roman times. From 1536, the main coronation city of Hungarian
 rulers, after World War I inhabited mainly by Germans and 
Hungarians, in 1939-45 dependent on the Third Reich, after 
World War II, the capital of Slovakia, which was part of 
Czechoslovakia, and from 1993 the capital of independent 
Slovakia. Due to these vicissitudes of fate, there are 14 
historical names of the city.


The beautiful Gothic cathedral served as a place of coronation 
for 300 years. Nearby there is a castle hill with a park complex.
 Perfect for autumn walks. Another tourist attraction is Cumil, 
a monument to a sewer worker, which is not supposed to 
symbolize anything. The town is neat and clean. It looks 
beautiful in winter with Christmas markets on every corner. 
Narrow streets lead to mysterious nooks and crannies. You 
must try their delicacies, especially these dumplings.


The city has a very touristic but also artistic atmosphere. It is 
not monumental, but rather mysterious. Picturesque and 
inviting for walks.

Rouen, France

 Rouen is a city in Normandy, France, dating back to ancient times.


A Gallic stronghold, then a Roman city, and from 260 a bishopric.
 An important center of wine trade and export. In 1431, the place
 where Joan of Arc was burned at the stake. It is a small and very
 picturesque town. Very well-preserved historic tenement houses
 and churches delight and take you back in time. A walk through 
the narrow streets gives you a taste of the Middle Ages. It is therefore not surprising that Rouen so captivated the impressionists, for whom emotions and mood were the most important. The beautiful play of light, unique to this part of France, touches some inner strings. It inspires melancholy and contemplation, admiration for the beauty of the world. Great architecture is not only the cathedral but also smaller churches scattered on the outskirts of the city. Intricate decorations, sculptures and shapes. For me it's the perfect gothic style. Light and soaring. Surrounded by greenery and dense gardens. It takes you to a land of peace and recharges your batteries.


The most famous monument here is the Gothic Notre Dame 
cathedral, immortalized in a series of paintings by Claude 
Monet. There are also three other historic churches and they 
are all beautiful. I was most enchanted by the one located on 
the edge of the city and surrounded by a park. It makes an 
amazing impression. It has a mystery to it. The cathedral, 
however, makes a spectacular impression. It is monumental 
and very well exposed. It is near her that the famous pyre of 
Joan of Arc will be burned. The place is marked with a
 commemorative plaque recalling the history of this famous 
rebel. This is where battles took place, legends were created 
and the life of Europe at that time was vibrant.
 

The entire town in the center is well-preserved in medieval 
style. Very narrow streets, small tenement houses and 
restaurants create a unique atmosphere. This is hard to find in
 Paris. Here you will find those typical French small cafes with
 round tables on the sidewalk. This is a completely different 
France. Peaceful and beautiful, magical. With history and 
Celtic influences visible at every step.

York - White Rose

 York is a city in northern England.


This area bears traces of human presence from prehistory. 
In the 1st century, the area was inhabited by Celtic tribes, who 
were then driven out by the Romans. As the main Roman military
 base, it was called Eboracum. In 211, Emperor Septimius 
Severus died here, and Constantine I the Great was proclaimed 
emperor by his troops in 306. In 866, the Viking army captured 
the city and ruled it for almost 100 years. The symbol of the city 
is a white rose from the coat of arms of the Yorks, who took part
 in the Wars of the Roses against the Lancasters, who had a 
red rose in their coat of arms. It was from this war that J.R.R. 
 Martin got the ideas for the A Song of Ice and Fire saga.  It was
 the union of both roses that created the Tudor dynasty, which 
had a red and white rose in its coat of arms. 
 

 York Minster towers over the city, next to Cologne Cathedral, 
the largest in Europe. It was built on the site of a Norman 
building. It is monumental and extremely openwork, with two 
huge towers and a historic stained glass window. The entire 
city center is a beautiful gem. 

Etretat, France

 Etretat is a town in Normandy, France.


Fabulously situated in a bay between cliffs. It reminds me a lot of
 Sopot. It has a beautiful pebbly beach and paths where you can
 walk freely along the rocky peaks. At the top of the hill, on the 
right, there is a tiny church that looks Gothic or even 
Romanesque. You can enter the beach gently or down steps 
cut into the rock and usually without handrails. At the bottom 
you can find caves carved out by the rough waves. Like secret
 passages in books about castles on the rocks.

 

I expected an idyll, but I got mountain climbing and it was 
worth it. The views are breathtaking. Of course, I wouldn't be 
myself if I didn't take photos from the precipice. I walked there 
on a foot-wide path. Only when I had overcome it for the 5th 
time did I realize that losing my balance in such a position 
would result in a spectacular end. But the photos and 
impressions are priceless.

 

There is a golf course right next to the cliff, which is incredibly 
impressive. The town itself is quiet and picturesque. The food 
is fresh and delicious. It tastes like the sea. It's the most 
wonderful place to walk. In the sun, the water has an amazing 
color thanks to the rocky shores. After all these years, I still 
remember that shade and the smell of salty air.